In this article, I will discuss the psychology of motivation and present six psychological motives that drive people. Moreover, I will present some tips on how you can get motivated and discuss reasons why motivation is so powerful. I will also add my thoughts from my world where motivation plays an important role: the world of athletics.
The Psychology of Motivation
American Psychology defines psychology as “the scientific study of the mind and behavior.”[1] There are six insights that psychology has brought to us regarding the forces behind motivation.
Motivation in Psychology
Research indicates that motivation has many definitions. The Oxford Dictionary defines it in several ways:[2]
“The reason or reasons one has for acting or behaving in a certain way.” “The general desire or willingness of someone to do something.” “Motivation is the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behavior.”
We can conclude from these definitions that motivation is the driving force behind what we do and the key ingredient to accomplishing goals. There are two primary types of motivation: extrinsic and intrinsic. Extrinsic motivation is doing an activity to attain an outcome, usually a reward of some kind. On the other hand, intrinsic motivation is “an internal drive for success or sense of purpose.” Research states that the more effective of the two—the motivation that leads to the best results—is intrinsic.[3] Kevin Kruse validated the value of intrinsic motivation when he wrote, Stephen Covey said it a different way,
Why is Motivation So Powerful?
I believe that the goal of extrinsic motivation is to get people to reach intrinsic motivation, which is a very powerful driving force. Below are the five main reasons why intrinsic motivation is so powerful.[4]
1. It Leads to Better Persistence
I can think of no worthwhile endeavor that I was involved with that was easy. Most accomplishments face obstacles and failure along the way. Persistent people beat them. Persistent people develop a strong Failure Quotient (FQ). Losing is a part—and often a big part—of an athletic season. According to Stan Kellner in his book, Taking it to the limit with basketball-cybernetics: A revolutionary mind-training program for winning performance, those who do succeed in developing a strong FQ approach losing in two ways: learn from it or move on. Moving on may be the tougher of the two to accomplish, but it is essential for future success. An oft-used refrain in athletics is that you need to have a short memory—forget the failure and move on now.
2. It Enhances Engagement
In their research, Kuvaas and Dysvik found that “intrinsically motivated employees were more likely to be highly engaged and more involved in their work, as well as display a greater readiness to step up and take responsibility.”[5] People who step up to the plate get things done! All great athletes are motivated to work on their own. Very few people realize all the time they invest on their own. When Michael Jordan came back to the Chicago Bulls after his stint in baseball, he and the Bulls lost in the playoffs. He knew he had to get his basketball legs back, but he had signed to make the movie, Space Jam. So, he had an outdoor basketball court built on the movie property so he could practice between and after sets. Even the greatest basketball player ever still needed to practice on his own.
3. Intrinsically Motivated Learning Is More Effective
Hinton Zigler presented the power of learning succinctly when he wrote, I have always believed great teachers do four things: they know their subject matter, they are organized, they teach with enthusiasm, and they care about their students in and out of the classroom. However, no matter how outstanding that teacher may be, if the student is not motivated to learn, he will not learn. In the last analysis, only one person is responsible for your body of work—you!
4. We Perform Better When Intrinsically Motivated
When we are intrinsically motivated, we strive for perfection in any task we take on. Vince Lombardi, the legendary Green Bay Packers coach, stressed the efficacy of perfection when he wrote,[6] Motivated people do find excellence and find it often.
5. Intrinsically Motivated People Are More Likely to Stay
Motivated people stay with you through the tough times, but non-motivated people leave when times get tough. When a new coach is hired to take over a program, they are often hired because the program has fallen on bad times—they are losing. There is a real possibility that it will take three to five years to turn the program around, and that is why new coaches are often given five-year contracts. Given this reality, the coach must recruit or draft talented players. However, that is not enough. They will also want to bring in players of character because they stick with you through the tough times.
Final Thoughts
The psychology of motivation gives us insights into the kind of mindset we need for us to excel in life. Those who pursue perfection leading to excellence are the most powerful and productive people in any organization. They don’t need extrinsic motivation because they are driven internally—it’s in their DNA. To learn more about the types of motivation and how to get motivated, check out What Is Motivation And How To Get Motivated (Your Ultimate Guide) Featured photo credit: Quino Al via unsplash.com
